With是個介詞，基本的意思是"用"，但它也可以協(xié)助構成一個極為多采多姿的句型，在句子中起兩種作用：副詞與形容詞。

　　with在下列結構中起副詞作用：

　　1."with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞或短語"，如：

　　（1） This article deals with common social ills， with particular attention being paid to vandalism.

　　2."with+賓語+過去分詞或短語"，如：

　?。?） With different techniques used， different results can be obtained.

　?。?） The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.

　　3."with+賓語+形容詞或短語"，如：

　　（4） With so much water vapour present in the room， some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.

　　（5） Every night， Helen sleeps with all the windows open.

　　4."with+賓語＋介詞短語"，如：

　?。?） With the school badge on his shirt， he looks all the more serious.

　?。?） With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.

　　5."with+賓語＋副詞虛詞"，如：

　?。?） You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.

　　（9） How can you lock the door with your guests in？

　　上面五種"with"結構的副詞功能，相當普遍，尤其是在科技英語中。

　　接著談"with"結構的形容詞功能，有下列五種：

　　一、"with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞或短語"，如：

　　（10） The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace.

　?。?1） Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ？

　　二、"with+賓語+過去分詞或短語"

　　（12） Throw away the container with its cover sealed.

　?。?3） Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.

　　三、"with+賓語+形容詞或短語"，如：

　　（14） Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.

　　四、"with+賓語+介詞短語"，如：

　　（15） The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.

　?。?6） Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets？

　　五、"with+賓語+副詞虛詞，"如：

　　（17） Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off ？

　　（18） Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.